ORIGINAL ARTICLES. PHYSICAL EDUCATION The determination of distal hip circumference in universities students depending on the sport type

The determination of distal hip circumference in universities students depending on the sport type Purpose: to find out the features of hip girth (distal) of both limbs of young boys and young girls of Bukovynian higher educational institutions, depending on the sport type. Materials and methods: 115 students of Bukovynian higher education institutions aged from 16 to 21 years old participated in the study, 78 (67.82%) of them were young boys and 37 (32.18%) were young girls. The main group was 75 (65.22 %) students of the I-II courses of the Faculty of Physical Culture and Human Health (the Yuriy Fedkovich Chernivtsi National University), the control group - 40 (34.78%) college students and students of the Stomatological Faculty of the Bukovynian State Medical University, who underwent an anthropometric study, according to the method of V.V. Bunaka in the modification of P.P. Shaparenko (determination of body weight and hip girth distally). Results : a comparison of the length of the distal right and left hip girth of young boys and young girls of both groups shows that the length of the right hip girth of young boys and young girls is bigger than the left: the main group (right in young boys - 48.50±2.0 cm, left - 42.25 ±2.0 cm; right in young girls – 48.59±2.0 cm; left – 41.74±2.0 cm), control group (right in young boys – 49.19±2.0 cm, left – 44 ,42±2.0 cm; young girls' right - 4 6.57±2.0 cm; left - 41.52±2.0 cm). The conducted regression analysis shows that gender and weight are significant factors for hip girth distally on the right and left. Conclusions : the model for predicting the circumference of the distal right thigh has the equation: y = β 1+ β 2 +0.318*x, where y is the distal right thigh circumference, x is weight. Coefficient β 1 = 29.848 for young girls and β 2 = 25.95 for young boys. The coefficient of determination is 0.994. On the left, it has the equation: y = β 1+ β 2 +0.292*x, where y is the hip girth on the distal left, x is weight. Coefficient β 1 = 29.848 for women and β 2 = 21.901 for men. The coefficient of determination is 0.991.


Introduction
The level of results in modern sports is so high that athletes need to have the appropriate morphological and functional data for their achievement, as well as excellent physical and mental abilities. Therefore, the main problem in athletes training is an adequate selection and sports orientation [1][2][3]. Solving selection problems involves the creation of a model of an athlete of the appropriate sport, i.e. a certain set of characteristics that determine sports performance [4][5][6]. The set of signs and the order of their enumeration differs for different sports [7][8][9].
However, until now, the prognostic value and predominance of indicators of total and partial body dimensions, morphometric and somatotypological characteristics in predicting prospects for achieving high results in sports have not been established [10][11][12].
Some authors, examining the anthropometric profiles of elite athletes, have concluded that the quantification of body composition is central for monitoring the performance and training of athletes, but there is extremely limited anthropometric data for specific sports that are assessed using a standardized method. There are variations also in anthropometric profiles among different athletes and among different sports, highlighting the need to have sport-specific normative ranges available to ensure optimal monitoring of individual athlete that differ particularly between sports, as well as age, training status and positions [17,18].
Consequently, there is a need for further definition of sport-specific anthropometric parameters assessed by standardized methods to ensure optimal monitoring and prediction for sport selection purposes.
In our opinion, taking into account the data of the literature, it is the further establishment of anthropometric parameters of individual sports, with the subsequent construction of a model for solving the problems of selection and sports orientation, that is relevant and necessary in modern sports.
Creating the model based on anthropometric parameters will allow us to coduct sports selection among future athletes in order to achieve excellent results in professional sports.
Purpose: to find out the peculiarities of hip girth (distal) of both limbs of young boys and young girls of higher education institutions of Bukovyna, depending on the type of sport.

Participants
The determination of anthropometric parameters was carried out on 115 students of Bukovynian higher educational institutions aged from 16 to 21 years, where 78 (67.82%) are young boys and 37 (32.18%) -young girls. The main group of 75 (65.22%) students were represented by the first and the second year students of the Faculty of Physical Culture and Human Health of the Yuriy Fedkovich Chernivtsi National University, and control group consisted of 40 (34.78%) college students and students of the Stomatological Faculty of Bukovynian State Medical University.

8(3)
The mean circumference of the distal right thigh in the main group of students was: (1)

Procedure
Young boys and young girls were subjected to an anthropometric study, according to the method of V.V. Bunaka in the modification of P.P. Shaparenka [19], which contained the determination of total (body weight) parameters and partial (distal thigh girth).
Determination of body weight was carried out on floor scales (mechanical). The thigh girth was determined distally by applying a centimeter tape 7.0-8.0 cm above the knee joint in the medial direction and closing it on the outer surface of the thigh (according to the method of V.V. Bunak, modified by P.P. Shaparenko).
The Shapiro-Wilk test showed that the data in the "football players" group are not normally distributed (W=0.901, p=0.002). Up for the other groups, there is insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis of a normal sampling distribution (all p>0.05). Since the assumption of normality of samples in each group by sport is violated, so that the ANOVA test cannot be used to test the hypothesis of equality of mean values of hip circumference in the main group by sport.
To compare the length of the hip girth in the main group depending on sport, the Kruskel-Wallis test (non-parametric ANOVA) was used to identify a significant difference in the average indicators of the respondents depending on the sport (the median of the distribution is considered as a measure of central tendency), since averages (as a measure of central tendency) are compared in more than 2 groups, to test the hypothesis of a statistically significant difference in averages, analysis of variance (ANOVA) should be used, however, ANOVA-test is based on the assumption of a normal distribution of the sample in each group. In our case, this assumption is violated, so we use the non-parametric Kruskel-Wallis test, which tests the hypothesis of equality of medians in each group. Here, the median is used as a measure of central tendency because it is more robust to random outliers than the mean. [20]. To establish for which pairs of age groups there is a statistical difference in the medians, the Conover-Iman test was used [21]. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using the licensed RStudio program.

Results
The distribution of the length of the hip girth on the right of the main group of subjects shows that there is no significant average difference in the length of the hip girth (distal) on the right among young boys and young girls (Fig. 1). This is also evidenced by Welch's t-test: t (34,579) = 0.073, p = 0.942.
The distribution of the length of the thigh girth on the right of the control group subjects also shows that there is no significant average difference in the length of the thigh girth (distal) on the right of young boys and young girls (Fig. 2). This is also evidenced by Welch's t-test: t (34.865) = -1.439, p = 0.159. 31 Health, sport, rehabilitation Здоров'я, спорт, реабілітація Здоровье, спорт, реабилитация The distribution of the length of the thigh girth distal on the right of the subjects of the main group depending on the sport looks like there is a significant difference in the average value of the length of the thigh girth (distal) right depending on the type of sport, taking into account the control group (Fig. 3).
To establish for which pairs of age groups there is a statistical difference in the medians, we will conduct the Conover-Iman test. The results are as follows: there is a significant difference for the pairs "volleyball"-"control", "volleyball"-"football", "volleyball"-"tennis". No significant differences were found for other groups. 32 Health, sport, rehabilitation Здоров'я, спорт, реабілітація Здоровье, спорт, реабилитация The distribution of the length of the hip girth on the distal left of the main group of subjects shows that there is no significant average difference in the length of the hip girth (distal) on the left of young boys and young girls (Fig. 4). This is also evidenced by Welch's t-test: t (45.043) = -0.511, p = 0.612. The distribution of the length of the hip girth on the distal left of the control group also shows that there is no significant average difference in the length of the hip girth (distal) on the left of young boys and young girls (Fig. 5). This is also evidenced by Welch's t-test: t (37.74) = -1.490, p = 0.145. The distribution of the length of the hip girth (distal) on the left of respondents depending on sport looks like there is a significant difference in the average value of the length of the hip girth (distal) on the left depending on the type of sport, including the control group (Fig. 6). The results of the Kruskel-Wallis test (x² (6) = 7.591, p = 0.270. Since p = 0.269 33 Health, sport, rehabilitation Здоров'я, спорт, реабілітація Здоровье, спорт, реабилитация 8(3) ≥0.05, the difference between the medians of the groups is not statistically significant.

Discussion
There is no doubt that anthropometric indicators have reliable correlations of a high degree with the result of the professional activity of athletes. Namely, taking into account the scientific achievements of such authors as V. Pastukhova (2015), who studied the anthropometric data of athletes -track and field athletes at various stages of training and revealed the dependence of the sports achievements of track and field athletes of different qualifications on their anthropometric data. As a result, it was established that the competitive result of track and field athletes depends mainly on physical development and anthropometric data.
Sara Jane Cullen et al. (2022), examining anthropometric profiles of elite athletes, concluded that quantification of body composition is central for monitoring the performance and training of athletes, but there is extremely limited anthropometric data for specific sports assessed using a standardized method. Also, there are variations in anthropometric profiles between different athletes and between different sports, highlighting the need to have sport-specific normative ranges available to ensure optimal monitoring of individual athletes that differ particularly between sports, as well as age, training status and positions.
Creating the model based on anthropometric parameters will allow us to coduct sports selection among future athletes in order to achieve excellent results in professional sports.
Meanwhile the lack of works devoted specifically on research on determining the circumference of the thigh of both limbs, depending on the type of sport, with the subsequent construction of a model for predicting their length, almost are absent.
In summary, it can be concluded that our research is relevant, so as it was established that there is a significant difference in the average value of the length of the hip girth (distal) on the right depending on the type of sport, taking into account the control group (Fig. 3). The conducted regression analysis shows that gender and weight are significant factors for hip girth on the distal right.
The model for predicting the circumference of the distal right thigh has the equation: y = β1+β2 +0.318*x, where "y" is the distal right thigh circumference, "x" is weight. Coefficient β1 = 29.848 for young girls and β2 = 25.95 for young boys. The coefficient of determination is 0.994.
It was also established that there is a significant difference in the average value of the length of the hip girth (distal) on the left depending on the type of sport, taking into account the control group (Fig. 6). The conducted regression analysis shows that gender and weight are significant factors for hip girth distal on the left.
The model for predicting the circumference of the thigh on the distal left has the form y = β1+β2 +0.292*x, where "y" is the circumference of the thigh on the distal left, "x" is weight. Coefficient β1 = 29.848 for young girls and β2 = 21.901 for young boys. The coefficient of determination is 0.991.
When comparing the right and left thigh distally, there is a significant difference in the average value of the length of the thigh girth distally on the left and right (t (256) = 9.713, p = ≤ 0.05). Health, sport, rehabilitation Здоров'я, спорт, реабілітація Здоровье, спорт, реабилитация 8(3) 4. The conducted regression analysis shows that gender and weight are significant factors for hip girth on the distal right and left. 5. The model for predicting the circumference of the distal right thigh has the equation y = β1+β2 +0.318*x, where "y" -is the distal right thigh circumference, "x"is weight. Coefficient β1 = 29.848 for young girls and β2 = 25.95 for young boys. The coefficient of determination is 0.994. On the left, it has the equation y = β1+β2 +0.292*x, where "y" -is the hip girth on the distal left, "x" -is weight. Coefficient β1 = 29.848 for young girls and β2 = 21.901 for young boys. The coefficient of determination is 0.991.